Hydrocephalus Specialists in Birmingham

Hydrocephalus, often referred to as fluid on the brain, is a condition characterised by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cavities of the brain, known as ventricles. This build-up can lead to increased pressure inside the skull, potentially causing various symptoms. Common symptoms of hydrocephalus can vary by age. In infants, signs may include an unusually large head, rapid head growth, vomiting, irritability, and poor feeding. In older children and adults, symptoms might include headaches, blurred vision, balance problems, cognitive difficulties, and changes in personality. The causes of hydrocephalus can be diverse. It may occur due to congenital factors, meaning a person is born with the condition, or it can develop later in life due to factors such as brain injuries, infections like meningitis, tumours, or bleeding in the brain. There are several types of hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus occurs when the flow of CSF is blocked after it exits the ventricles, while non-communicating hydrocephalus results from a blockage within the ventricles themselves. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is a specific type that typically affects older adults and is characterised by an increase in CSF with normal ventricular size. Diagnosing hydrocephalus usually involves a combination of physical examinations and imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, which can help doctors assess the size of the ventricles and identify any underlying issues. Treatment often involves the surgical insertion of a shunt, a device that helps drain excess fluid from the brain to another part of the body, where it can be absorbed. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy may be performed, creating a new pathway for CSF flow. Complications of untreated hydrocephalus can be serious and may include permanent brain damage, cognitive impairments, and mobility issues. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to managing the condition effectively and minimising potential complications.