Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is a condition where one or both kidneys become swollen due to a build-up of urine. This occurs when there's an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from draining properly.
Symptoms of hydronephrosis can vary but often include pain in the side or back, abdominal discomfort, frequent urination, or an urgent need to urinate. In some cases, there may be signs of an infection, such as fever or chills.
The causes of hydronephrosis are diverse. They can include kidney stones, urinary tract infections, congenital abnormalities, or conditions that compress the urinary tract, such as tumours or enlarged prostate in men.
To diagnose hydronephrosis, doctors typically start with a physical examination and may order imaging tests, such as an ultrasound or CT scan, to visualise the kidneys and urinary tract. Blood tests and urine tests can also help assess kidney function and identify any underlying issues.
Treatment for hydronephrosis focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the obstruction. This could involve procedures to remove kidney stones, antibiotics for infections, or surgery to correct anatomical abnormalities. In some cases, a catheter may be placed to help drain urine and relieve pressure on the kidneys. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor kidney function and prevent complications.