Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function effectively. This decline in kidney function can lead to a build-up of waste products in the body, which can be harmful.
Symptoms of CKD can be quite subtle in the early stages and may include fatigue, swollen ankles, changes in urination frequency, and high blood pressure. As the condition progresses, individuals might experience more severe symptoms such as nausea, shortness of breath, and a reduced appetite.
Diagnosis of CKD typically involves blood tests to measure kidney function, as well as urine tests to check for protein or blood. Imaging tests like ultrasounds may also be used to assess the kidneys' structure.
Treatment for CKD focuses on managing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease. This can involve lifestyle changes such as adopting a healthy diet, controlling blood pressure, and managing diabetes if applicable. In more advanced cases, medications may be prescribed, and some individuals might eventually require dialysis or a kidney transplant.